THE NECESSITY AND IMPORTANCE OF RESEARCH AND
ITS ROLE IN AFGHAN SOCIETY
Fayaz Gul Mazloum Yar
University of Nangarahr,
Afganistan
E-mail: [email protected]
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keywords: Scientific research, economic development,
Afghanistan, challenges, research infrastructure. |
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ABSTRAK |
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This
research examines the necessity and importance of scientific research in
Afghan society and its role in the economic, social, and cultural development
of the country. Given the numerous challenges faced by Afghanistan, including
war, poverty, and political instability, research is recognized as a vital
tool for identifying and analyzing problems and providing data-driven and
evidence-based solutions. The research employs a qualitative methodology
based on semi-structured interviews with researchers, university professors,
and policymakers. Findings indicate that scientific research can contribute
to economic development by enhancing educational quality, improving
infrastructure, and increasing innovation. Additionally, the results suggest
that institutional, cultural, and financial resource barriers are among the
main challenges to advancing research in Afghanistan. Ultimately, this study
emphasizes the need for investment in research and the creation of suitable
infrastructures to achieve sustainable development and improve the quality of
life in Afghanistan. |
|
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Ini adalah artikel akses terbuka di bawah lisensi CC BY-SA . This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA license. |
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INTRODUCTION
Scientific research holds a unique position
as one of the core elements of development and progress in today�s world. All
societies, particularly developing countries like Afghanistan, need scientific
and applied research to achieve sustainable growth and create economic and
social welfare. Research not only leads to the production of new knowledge but
also aids governments and decision-making bodies in formulating more effective
and intelligent policies to manage various challenges through data-driven
solutions(Ooms et al., 2023). Afghanistan, as a country plagued by decades of war,
poverty, and structural problems, needs scientific research more than ever. In
a nation facing extensive security, economic, educational, and social issues,
research can play a crucial role in identifying and analyzing problems and
providing effective solutions. Specifically, local research conducted concerning
Afghanistan�s cultural, economic, and social conditions can significantly
address the chronic challenges facing the community(Alemi et al., 2023). The importance of research in Afghan society can be
examined from several perspectives. First, research can aid in economic
development. Creating sustainable and efficient infrastructure, growing
industries, enhancing educational levels, and improving people's quality of
life require precise and knowledge-based research. Research in various fields
such as agriculture, natural resources, water management, rural development,
and local industries can enhance production and efficiency and place the
country on a path toward economic development(Prado-Acebo et al.,
2024). Second, research plays a fundamental role in improving
educational quality in Afghanistan. Despite numerous efforts to enhance the
educational system, significant weaknesses remain in this sector. Scientific
research can help identify weaknesses in the educational system and the needs
of students and professors, and offer solutions to improve educational quality
in Afghanistan. Moreover, through academic research, universities and
educational institutions can become reliable sources for future decision-making
and policy-making(Ameri et al., 2023).
Third, research contributes to increasing
public awareness and participation in community development and reconstruction
processes. By disseminating research findings and utilizing various media,
people can gain a better understanding of societal problems and possible
solutions. This can foster social cohesion and strengthen public participation
in political, social, and economic processes(Hindhede &
Aagaard-Hansen, 2017). However, despite the high importance of research in
Afghan society, numerous challenges exist. Financial resource shortages, lack
of access to modern technologies, absence of suitable research and educational
infrastructures, and cultural and social limitations are among the obstacles
faced by Afghan researchers. Additionally, political instability and the lack
of prioritization of research at the governmental level have created problems
in this field(Rahmani et al., 2021; Yar, 2024). Therefore,
to achieve sustainable development and scientific progress in Afghanistan,
research must be viewed as a fundamental pillar, and appropriate investments in
this area are necessary. Encouraging young people and academics to engage in
scientific and applied research, creating suitable infrastructures, and
supporting research projects in key areas can be effective steps towards
development and progress in Afghanistan (Snyder et al., 2020).
This research investigates the necessity and
importance of scientific research in Afghan society. To achieve this goal, a
qualitative approach is employed, including semi-structured interviews with
researchers, university professors, and policymakers. This methodology allows
us to gain deeper insights from participants and better understand the
challenges and opportunities facing research in Afghanistan. This explanation
provides a better understanding of the research process and its importance for
the country�s future development. The following sections of this paper will
offer a more in-depth analysis of the importance of research, examine existing
challenges, and propose solutions to strengthen the research culture in Afghan
society.
Research Objective
The objective of this research is to examine
the necessity and importance of research in Afghan society and elucidate its
role in the national development process. This study aims to analyze the role
of research in addressing economic, social, and cultural problems and to
highlight the need for improving research and scientific infrastructures in
Afghanistan. Additionally, identifying challenges and obstacles faced by
researchers and offering solutions to improve the research environment in the
country are also key objectives of this research.
Research Questions
1. What role does research play in the
economic, social, and cultural development of Afghanistan?
2. What factors hinder the advancement of
scientific research in Afghanistan?
3. How can the position of research in
Afghanistan be improved, and existing barriers be addressed?
4. What is the role of educational and
governmental institutions in supporting researchers and strengthening research
infrastructure?
Significance of the Research
The significance of this research is
noteworthy from both theoretical and practical perspectives. Theoretically, it
contributes to the expansion of knowledge regarding the importance of
scientific research in the national and international development processes and
elucidates the necessity of viewing research as a primary driving force for
development. Practically, the results of this research could be valuable for
policymakers, educational institutions, and research centers in Afghanistan,
aiding them in better planning for the enhancement of research and addressing
its barriers. Additionally, this research could encourage youth and researchers
to engage in scientific and applied research and play a significant role in
fostering a research culture in the country.
Problem Statement
Research is recognized as one of the core
elements of sustainable development in various societies. In developed
countries, research plays a crucial role in improving the quality of life,
advancing economic progress, and addressing social issues. However, in
Afghanistan, scientific research faces numerous challenges, including a lack of
necessary infrastructure, limited access to financial resources and modern
technologies, and political instability(Essar et al., 2023). These challenges have resulted in research not
having an adequate position in Afghanistan and failing to effectively address
the country�s fundamental problems. Consequently, many economic, social, and
cultural issues remain inadequately examined scientifically, and decisions are
often made without a research-based foundation(Yar & Yasouri,
2024). The problem statement for this research is based on the fact that despite the high importance of
research in the development process, Afghanistan has not been able to fully
utilize its research potential. Therefore, it is essential to thoroughly
examine the barriers and challenges faced by Afghan researchers and propose
solutions to enhance the status of research in this society.
Research Background
Scientific research is recognized as one of
the primary factors of progress in any society and has played a significant
role in bringing about positive and sustainable changes in developed countries.
The importance of research in developing countries has also garnered attention
from many researchers. Studies in this area show that economic, social, and
cultural development is impossible without scientific and applied research.
In a study conducted by Fang et al. (2022) on
the role of research in economic development in South Asian countries, it was
found that countries that place greater importance on research and scientific
development experience more sustainable economic growth. This study
demonstrated that the use of scientific findings in economic policymaking
directly contributes to poverty reduction and improved public welfare. Given
Afghanistan's cultural and economic similarities with many South Asian
countries, the results of this research could help understand the necessity of
research in Afghanistan and illustrate how investment in scientific research
can lead to economic growth and social improvement(Fang et al., 2022).
In another study by Igwe et al. (2021) in
West African countries, the relationship between scientific research and the
improvement of educational systems was examined. This research showed that
research related to education and educational innovations has enhanced
educational quality and increased literacy rates in these countries. The study
emphasized that educational institutions require more financial and
infrastructural support to conduct scientific research. Considering
Afghanistan�s similar conditions in the education sector and the importance of
research in improving the educational system, this study can illustrate how
scientific research in Afghanistan can contribute to educational quality enhancement(Igwe et al., 2021).
Regarding the role of research in political
and governmental decision-making, Mondal et al (2022) concluded in a study conducted
in Southeast Asian countries that the use of scientific findings in policy
formulation could lead to more informed decision-making and reduce governmental
risks. The study particularly highlighted the importance of academic research
in addressing social and economic crises. Since Afghanistan faces similar
crises, this research could be crucial for understanding the role of research
in creating effective policies in Afghanistan (Mondal et al., 2022).
A study by about Middle Eastern countries
also showed that the absence of a strong research framework leads to the
inefficacy of many development and social projects. This research emphasized
the importance of coordination between scientific institutions, universities,
and governments to achieve developmental programs. As a neighboring country to
the Middle East, Afghanistan could leverage these findings to strengthen
connections between universities and the government to increase scientific
research and improve high-level decision-making (Emami et al., 2018). Overall, studies conducted in developing countries
indicate that scientific research serves as a vital tool for sustainable development
and improving economic and social conditions. However, in Afghanistan, there
has not been adequate attention to this issue, and researchers face numerous
challenges. This research, considering the gaps in scientific research in
Afghanistan and the lack of sufficient resources, aims to provide solutions for
enhancing the status of research in the country and contribute to the
literature on this subject.
Theoretical Framework
The theoretical framework of this research
provides a conceptual structure to better understand the research topic and
scientific investigations. This study aims to examine the necessity and
importance of research in Afghan society and will utilize theories of
sustainable development, research and higher education theories, and models
related to capacity building and innovation.
Sustainable Development Theory: is one of the
key theories addressed in this research. Sustainable development is defined as
a process that meets the current needs of communities without compromising the
ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Within this framework,
scientific research is viewed as a crucial tool for creating innovation,
improving productivity, and ensuring economic sustainability. In developing
countries like Afghanistan, scientific research can contribute to finding
sustainable solutions for economic, social, and environmental challenges(Thomas & Mantri,
2022).
Research and Higher Education Theories: will
also be explored in this study. These theories examine the importance of
research in enhancing educational quality, improving scientific infrastructure,
and creating job opportunities in countries seeking progress and development.
According to these theories, universities and educational institutions should
serve as primary centers for scientific research and implement stronger
research policies to train researchers and advance scientific knowledge within
society(Schwengel & Toy,
2019). Finally, Models Related to Capacity Building and
Innovation will be another significant component of the theoretical framework
in this research. These models emphasize that establishing research capacities
at the national level and strengthening scientific and technological
innovations can help in economic growth and increase a country's ability to
address complex challenges. Given Afghanistan�s current situation, enhancing
research capacity could lead to the development of indigenous and practical
solutions to the country�s problems(Bai et al., 2021). This theoretical framework helps clarify the
foundational ideas of the research and demonstrates how scientific concepts and
theories can elucidate the necessity and importance of research in Afghan
society.
Figure 1. Mind Map of Research in Afghan
Society
METHODOLOGY
The methodology of this research is designed
to gather valid data and analyze it to assess the importance of research in
Afghan society. The research adopts a qualitative approach, as understanding
the perspectives, experiences, and perceptions of Afghan researchers,
academics, and policymakers regarding research and its role in society is
crucial.
Type of Research: This study is
descriptive-analytical, focusing on describing and analyzing the status and
significance of research in Afghan society. Necessary data will be collected
through in-depth interviews and direct observation of the research status in
universities and research centers in Afghanistan.
Sampling Method: Sampling will be purposeful.
The study population includes researchers, university professors, graduate
students, and policymakers related to the research and higher education sector.
Theoretical sampling will be used to select individuals with the most
experience and knowledge in research and higher education.
Data Collection Tools: The primary data
collection tool will be �semi-structured interviews�.
These interviews are designed to explore participants� views and experiences
regarding the importance and role of research in Afghanistan's economic and
social development. Additionally, direct observation: and review of existing
research documentation in universities and research centers will be used as
secondary sources.
Data Analysis Method: Collected data will be
analyzed using qualitative content analysis. In this method, the content of
interviews and observations will be systematically coded, and patterns, themes,
and key concepts will be extracted. The data will then be interpreted and analyzed
using the research theoretical framework to derive the final research findings.
This research methodology will facilitate an in-depth
and accurate examination of the role of research in Afghan society and will
utilize valid data to analyze the challenges and opportunities in this field.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Data Analysis and Interpretation�
The data analysis and interpretation section is one of the most important parts of any research, where
the collected data is examined, analyzed, and interpreted in detail. In this
research, which examines the **necessity and importance of research and its
place in Afghan society**, the data was collected through in-depth interviews
and direct observations. In this section, the results obtained from this data
are compared with the provided theoretical framework, and the research
questions are answered.�
1. Content Analysis of Interviews
Qualitative data was collected through
semi-structured interviews with researchers, university professors, graduate
students, and policymakers. The content analysis of these interviews shows us
that overall perspectives on research in Afghanistan can be divided into
several main categories:
a. The Importance Of
Research For Economic Development
Most participants believed that scientific
research plays a direct role in the economic development of the country. They
pointed out that in developed countries, scientific research has led to
industrial innovations and improvements in production processes. However, in
Afghanistan, this connection has not yet been fully established. According to
one participant: "Research in Afghanistan is often limited to universities
and rarely finds its way into economic policymaking." This finding aligns
with the theoretical framework of the research which refers to �sustainable
development theory�. According to this theory,
scientific research should be viewed as a tool for creating innovation and
improving economic productivity. In Afghanistan, the weakness in implementing
this approach is evident.
b. The Role Of
Research In Improving Educational Quality
Another part of the analysis indicates that
participants believe scientific research can help improve Afghanistan's
educational system. Most university professors and graduate students
acknowledged that Afghan universities face a lack of research resources and
scientific tools, which leads to a decline in the quality of education and
scientific research.
This topic aligns with the �theory of
research and higher education� that was examined within the theoretical
framework. The theory of research and higher education emphasizes that without
appropriate scientific research, the enhancement of educational quality in
countries will not be possible. Our findings indicate that one of the main
challenges in Afghanistan is the lack of necessary infrastructure for
conducting scientific research.
c. Institutional And
Cultural Barriers To Research
Another key finding of this research
highlights the cultural and institutional barriers to research in Afghanistan.
Some participants pointed out that scientific research in Afghan society lacks
sufficient support, and many government institutions have not recognized the
importance of research. According to one researcher: In Afghanistan, research
is not seen as a national priority, which has led to a lack of research funding
and a decrease in motivation for researchers.
These findings are consistent with "models
related to capacity building and innovation" that were examined within the
theoretical framework. These models emphasize that without institutional
support and the establishment of research capacities, scientific innovations and the development of research in countries are
not feasible.
2. Comparison with previous research
To analyze the data more accurately, the
results obtained were compared with the findings of previous studies presented
in the literature review section. Research conducted in South Asian and West
African countries indicates that sustainable development is impossible without
scientific research. The results of the present study also confirm that in
Afghanistan, weakness in conducting scientific research, particularly in
economic and educational fields, is one of the main factors of the country's
developmental lag.
While previous research has shown that in
many developing countries, scientific research has led to improvements in
educational quality and enhanced economic policymaking, the findings of this
study indicate that in Afghanistan, this connection has not yet been fully
established, and many institutional and cultural barriers need to be addressed.
3. Response to Research Questions
Based on the collected data and conducted
analysis, the research questions have been answered accurately:�
1. How can research contribute to the
development of Afghanistan?
The findings indicate that research can help
improve production processes, and industrial innovations, and enhance
educational quality. However, to achieve this goal, better infrastructure and
institutional research support are needed.�
2. What factors have hindered the development
of research in Afghanistan?
Factors such as a lack of research funding,
weak institutional support, and inadequate connections between research and
economic policymaking are the main barriers. Additionally, cultural
and social obstacles also play a significant role in reducing research
motivation.
4. Conclusion from the Analysis and
Interpretation of Data�
Based on the analysis and interpretation of
the collected data, it can be concluded that scientific research in Afghanistan
is still not recognized as a national priority, and there is a strong need to
create research capacities and scientific innovations. While scientific
research has acted as a tool for improving economic and social conditions in
many developing countries, Afghanistan still has a long way to go to achieve
this goal. The findings of this research can help develop new policies to
strengthen research in the country and highlight the necessity of implementing
structural changes in scientific and educational institutions.
5. Discussion and Conclusion�
In this section, we examine and analyze the
main findings of the research and place them within the framework of the
necessity and importance of research in Afghan society. This research aimed to
investigate the role of research in the economic, social, and educational
development of Afghanistan and the existing barriers to research development.
The findings of the research indicate that research in Afghanistan is
considered not only a necessity but also one of the main factors for the
sustainable growth and development of the country, although there are numerous
obstacles in its way.�
1.
Overview of Main
Findings
The findings of this research showed that
scientific research plays a key role in economic development, improving the
quality of education, and smart policymaking in both developed and developing
countries. However, in Afghanistan, this potential has not yet been fully
utilized. The results indicated that three major factors have influenced the
diminishing importance of research in Afghanistan:
Lack of Financial and Infrastructural
Resources
Afghan researchers face serious challenges in
securing financial resources and suitable infrastructure for conducting
scientific research. This lack of resources leads to decreased research
motivation and quality of research.
Weak Institutional and Cultural Support
Governmental and private institutions have
not sufficiently recognized the importance of research. As a result, the
necessary support for researchers and scientific institutions is lacking, and
there are no research-based policy planning efforts.
Lack of Connection Between Research and
Economic and Social Policymaking
The connection between universities and
research centers with the government and policymaking institutions is weak.
This has resulted in research findings not being effectively utilized in
economic and social decision-making(Ciocca Eller, 2024). These findings are generally consistent with the
theoretical framework presented in this research. Theories of sustainable
development and higher education emphasize that without scientific research,
sustainable progress in economic and educational fields cannot be achieved.
2. Response to research questions:
The findings of this research answered the
main research questions:
How can research contribute to the
development of Afghanistan?
Based on the findings, scientific research
can lead to improvements in production processes, enhance industrial
innovations, and increase productivity in economic and educational sectors.
Especially in the field of education, scientific research can help improve the
quality of Afghanistan's educational system and guide the country's scientific
and educational institutions toward progress.
What factors have hindered the development of
research in Afghanistan?
The findings indicated that factors such as
the lack of financial and infrastructural resources, weak institutional and
cultural support, and the absence of connections between research and economic
and social policymaking are the main obstacles to the development of research
in Afghanistan.
3. Practical and Theoretical Results
The results of this research are significant
from both "practical" and "theoretical" perspectives:
Practical Results: This research showed that
to promote research in Afghanistan, there is a need to create new capacities,
improve infrastructure, and allocate more financial resources. Additionally,
more connections should be established between scientific and governmental
institutions so that research results can be effectively utilized in the
country's macro-level policymaking.
Theoretical Results: From a theoretical
perspective, this research emphasized the importance of scientific research in
developing countries and concluded that sustainable development is not possible
without scientific research (Zhang et al., 2023). These findings can contribute to the research
literature in the fields of development and higher education and assist other
researchers in analyzing the role of research in countries similar
to Afghanistan.
4.
Research Limitations
This research has faced limitations that
should be considered:�
Financial and Time Limitations
Due to time and financial constraints, the
researcher was unable to gather more extensive data and conduct more interviews
in various regions of Afghanistan. This may have affected the breadth and
diversity of the obtained data.�
Access Limitations to Resources
Due to the specific conditions in
Afghanistan, access to certain institutions and individuals related to the
research was not possible, which may have reduced the diversity of the research
samples.
Suggestions for Future Research
Expanding the Scope of Research: Future
research can collect more comprehensive data by increasing the sample
population and examining more regions. Additionally, exploring the perspectives
of government officials and policymakers regarding research can provide more practical
results.
Quantitative Analysis of Research: Future
research can provide more data on the impact of research on economic and social
development in Afghanistan by utilizing quantitative methods.
Examining the Relationship between Research
and Policy-Making: Further investigations can focus on a more detailed
examination of how scientific research relates to economic and social
policy-making to offer solutions for strengthening this relationship.
Final
Conclusion: This research demonstrated that scientific
research in Afghanistan is considered a necessity for the country's
development. The findings emphasize that to harness the potential of scientific
research in Afghanistan, infrastructure must be improved, more financial
resources allocated, and institutional and cultural support for researchers
increased. Ultimately, strengthening scientific research can lead to
sustainable development, economic growth, and improved educational quality in
Afghanistan, acting as a key factor in the country's progress.
5. Suggestions
Based on the findings of this research,
practical suggestions for enhancing research in Afghanistan are as
follows:�
1. Enhancing research infrastructure�
Strengthening research facilities:
Universities and research centers should update their research facilities,
including laboratories, libraries, and databases. Providing modern and
up-to-date equipment can assist researchers in conducting higher-quality
research.�
Developing collaboration networks:
Establishing and strengthening collaboration networks among domestic and
international universities and research centers can facilitate the exchange of
experiences and scientific resources. Student and researcher exchange programs
and international collaborations can help elevate the level of research in the
country.�
2. Increasing research budgets�
Allocating appropriate financial resources:
The government and private institutions should increase research budgets and
provide more financial support to researchers, especially in innovative and
applied projects. Allocating research budgets to projects with national and
local priorities can help address the country's urgent problems.�
Establishing research funds: Creating special
research funds for projects related to local and national needs can help secure
financial resources for researchers. These funds can be particularly active in
areas with resource shortages, such as basic sciences and applied research.
3. Encouraging Young Researchers
Creating Incentive Programs: Designing
incentive programs and awards for young researchers can help increase
motivation and attract new talents in the research field. Providing
scholarships and research grants to young and talented researchers can
significantly impact the quality of research.
Holding Workshops and Training Courses:
Universities and research centers should hold workshops and training courses
for young researchers to strengthen their research skills. These courses can
include training in research techniques, data analysis, and scientific writing.
4. Strengthening the Role of Research in
Decision-Making Processes
Developing Research-Based Policies:
Policymakers should actively use the results of scientific research in major
economic and social decision-making. Establishing advisory bodies to analyze
and translate research findings into policies and practical programs can help
strengthen this connection.
Enhancing Collaboration between Scientific and
Governmental Institutions: Creating structures for closer collaboration between
universities, research centers, and governmental institutions can help promote
applied research and strengthen the use of research findings in policymaking.
6. Obstacles and Challenges:
The development and expansion of research in
Afghanistan face multiple challenges and obstacles that affect the quality and
quantity of scientific research in the country. These challenges are generally
divided into the following categories:�
1. Structural Problems�
Lack of Financial Resources: One of the
biggest challenges in developing research in Afghanistan is the lack of
financial resources. Limited research budgets and inadequate allocation of
financial resources to research projects lead to a decrease in the quality and
quantity of research.�
Weak Educational Infrastructure: Educational
and research infrastructure in many universities and research centers in
Afghanistan is in serious need of improvement. The lack of research equipment
and facilities, especially in advanced technology and basic sciences, hinders
the conduct of quality research.�
2. Cultural and Social Problems�
Lack of Cultural Support for Research: In
Afghan society, scientific research does not receive adequate cultural and
social support. A lack of public awareness regarding the importance of research
and a weak research culture can lead to decreased motivation and efforts from
researchers.�
Social Barriers: Social and cultural issues,
such as restrictions on access to education and research in certain areas,
especially for women and minority groups, can reduce research opportunities and
lead to an imbalance in the distribution of research resources.�
3. Political Instability�
Impacts of Political Instability: The
political and security unstable situation in Afghanistan can negatively affect
research activities. Instability and unrest can lead to restrictions on access
to research resources, security problems for researchers, and decreased
participation in research projects.
The Impacts Of These
Challenges On The Quality And Quantity Of Research
These obstacles and challenges have
significant effects on the quality and quantity of scientific research in
Afghanistan. A lack of financial resources and infrastructure leads to a
decrease in research quality and limits the execution of scientific projects.
Cultural and social issues can reduce researchers' motivation and restrict the
participation of various groups in research. Political instability can also
result in reduced research activities and security constraints for researchers.
Collectively, these factors can weaken the research capabilities of the country
and diminish the impact of scientific research in addressing national and local
problems. To overcome these challenges and develop research in Afghanistan,
serious and coordinated actions are needed from the government, academic
institutions, and research centers. Establishing appropriate infrastructure,
allocating sufficient financial resources, and strengthening the research
culture can help enhance the quality and quantity of research in the country
and reinforce the role of research in decision-making processes and national
development.
CONCLUSION
The results show that scientific research has
great potential in improving economic development, the quality of education,
and smarter policymaking. However, there are various challenges that hinder
research progress in the country, including limited financial resources,
inadequate infrastructure, lack of cultural and social support, and political
instability. The study highlights the need for greater investment in research
infrastructure, increased budgets for research projects, and the establishment
of collaborative networks both domestically and with international
institutions. To achieve sustainable development, it is important for the
Afghan government and educational institutions to integrate research results in
the decision-making process as well as create a supportive environment for
young researchers. The recommendations of this study include strengthening the
role of research in policy-making, providing incentives for young researchers,
and increasing cultural support for scientific research. By overcoming these
obstacles, Afghanistan has the opportunity to
strengthen the quality and quantity of scientific research and increase its
contribution to national development.
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